Table of Contents
Single-Subject (SS) Designs
Clinical-research Model
Criticisms of group design model
Clinical-Research Process
Identify problems
Set Goals
Select a SS design- all designs measure baseline
& treatment phases
Establish & measure the baseline
Measurement sources & issues
Introduce treatment
Assess treatment effects
Basic A-B
A-B-A or A-B-A-B: reversal/withdrawal; high in
internal validity
A-B-A-C: multiple treatment
A-B… Multiple baselines establish
A-A-B… baselines for more than one
A-A-A-B... aspect of the client’s condition
Changing Criterion Designs
Threats to internal validity
Threats to external validity
Replication is the route to-
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