You may work on this assignment in groups of no more than 3
There are 2 Excel files which you will need to open to complete this assignment.
When you open the Excel file (demo data-02), you will notice 4 columns containing information about 18 students who participated in a research study. Three of the variables, Gender, Race, and Religion are (A)_____________ (fill-in an adjective that describes the level of measurement). Present these data by presenting 3 separate frequency distributions; each having a percentage column. Your tables should have a heading, such as, GENDER DISTRIBUTION, and relevant headings for each column in the table, such as, a heading for each response choice [Male, Female], a heading entitled Frequency, and a heading labeled Percent. Report percentages to the nearest hundredths.
Use the raw AGE data from demo data-02 to determine the average age of the participants (A) _____, the age range ______ (B) and the standard deviation _____ (C) for this variable.
Then group these data into equal size (width) age intervals beginning with [20-24]. You will need to create 7 intervals. Arrange your AGE FREQUENCY TABLE by using the following headings for your columns: (D) Age Intervals, (E) Frequency, (F) Cumulative Frequency, (G) Percent, (H) Cumulative Percent. Use these headings, but OMIT the letters.
Use this newly created table to make a (I) histograph where the Y-axis (vertical) shows frequency and the X-axis (horizontal) shows the age intervals.
Does the graph have a symmetrical or non-symmetrical appearance? (J) _____________
If you think it’s symmetrical, what measure of central tendency would be most informative? (K)_____________
If you think it’s non-symmetrical, what measure of central tendency would be most informative? (L) __________________
Use the formula for estimating the correct measure of central tendency (M) _________and provide your answer: (N) ____________________
FOR QUESTIONS 3-6, PLEASE OPEN EXCEL DOC: stat data July02 This document contains 24 variables and a column identifying the subjects by letter
You will need to compute sum scores from other columns to fill in data to columns that are blank. Specifically, compute the following sums to arrive at the variables below:
H [Composite Negative pretest ]: sum columns E through G;
Q [Composite Positive posttest]: sum columns N through P;
U [Composite Negative posttest]: sum columns R through T
You will need to compute difference scores using data from other columns to compute the variables described below:
I[Pos-Neg pretest] requires subtracting H from D;
V[ComPos-ComNeg posttest] requires subtracting U from Q
THIS SOUNDS LIKE A LOT BUT CAN BE DONE IN LESS THAN 5 MINUTES.
WE’LL DO AN EXAMPLE IN CLASS.
For each of the 24 variables, compute a mean and a standard deviation. Hand-in this question by printing your Excel file but MAKE SURE TO TYPE IN A HEADING [call it Analysis Of Means And Standard Deviations] and write in answers to the following questions.
On which variable do the participants score most similarly? __________
On which do they show the most heterogeneity? __________
What was the average Composite Positive score at pretest? __________
What was the average Composite Positive score at posttest? __________
Does there seem to be much change? __________
What was the average Com Positive-Negative score at pretest? __________
What was the average Com Positive-Negative score at posttest? __________
Does there seem to be much change? __________
What was the average Optimism Knowledge Score at pretest? __________
What was the average Optimism Knowledge Score at posttest? __________
Does there seem to be much change? __________
Is it in the direction that the following hypothesis predicted: __________
Subjects participating in a pre-post pre-experimental design, attending a 2-day workshop on learned hopefulness and cognitive behavior intervention strategies, will demonstrate a significant increase in knowledge on learned hopefulness and cognitive behavior intervention strategies at post test.
Use stat data July02 to determine the correlation between Composite POS-NEG (V) and BECK (W), both post test scores. Hand in your Excel printout which includes the correlation value. Label it!
Then answer these questions:
Is this a measure of reliability or validity?
How high should the correlation coefficient be to feel confident about reliability?
How high should the correlation coefficient be to feel confident about validity?
What does the sign or direction of the coefficient tell us?
You will need to use Excel to compute t-tests for within subject designs, using one-tailed predictions. We’ll do one in class, and then you can hand in probability or t values which answer the following questions? You can hand in your Excel printout and answer the following questions after you’ve done the calculations. Was there a significant increase, beyond what would be expected by chance, in the following variables?
Hopefulness as defined as Pos-Neg
Optimism knowledge
Knowledge confidence
Did you personally show an increase on Pos-Neg ( Y or N?), Optimism knowledge (Y or N?), Knowledge confidence (Y or N?)
THIS QUESTION DOES NOT REQUIRE CALCULATIONS!
(A) You are asked to analyze the relationship between AGE and HOPEFULNESS. You have been provided with specific ages for 20 subjects and reports of their hopefulness from a Thurstone Scale measurement that is said to be reliable and valid.
1) What is the independent variable?
2) What level of measurement is the independent variable?
3) What is the dependent variable?
4) What is the level of measurement of the dependent variable?
5) What statistical test should you perform?
(B) You are asked to analyze the relationship between GENDER and BODY IMAGE. You have been provided with information about your subjects’ gender and also their answer to the question: Overall, do you think you have a good or poor body image?
1) What is the independent variable?
2) What level of measurement is the independent variable?
3) What is the dependent variable?
4) What is the level of measurement of the dependent variable?
5) What statistical test should you perform?
You are asked to analyze the effect of educational and support interventions on subjects’ hopefulness-optimism. You have been provided with reports of their hopefulness-optimism from a Thurstone Scale measurement that is said to be reliable and valid. Your subjects were divided into 3 different conditions: a group that received lecture, written materials, and the chance to work through weekly setbacks using cognitive behavioral coping strategies; a group that received just the lecture and written materials; and a waiting list group that received just written material.
1) What is the independent variable?
2) What level of measurement is the independent variable?
3) What is the dependent variable?
4) What is the level of measurement of the dependent variable?
5) What statistical test should you perform?